Question

Analogous structures are a result of
(a) Divergent evolution
(b) Convergent evolution
(c) Shared ancestors
(d) Stabilizing selection

Answer 1

Analogous organs consist of similar structures in different organisms that perform similar functions but do not have common ancestry. They look similar through their external appearance.

Complete answer:
Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution. Convergent evolution is a type of independent evolution of similar features among the species. It creates analogous structures that are not present in the last common ancestor of the groups that perform a similar function. Birds, insects, and bats have undergone recurrent evolution of a flight and have evolved with the useful capacity of flight independently. When different species live in a similar way the analogous traits arise and face some environmental factors while occupying the similar type of ecological niches that lead to similar solutions. A trait shared by two or more taxa for any reason that accepts the common ancestry is homoplasy. The evolution without convergence has proceeded with phylogenetic reconstruction and ancestral state reconstruction. The higher levels consist of the convergent patterns in a phylogenetic reconstruction which gets explicitly sought by investigators and depends on the pattern-based or process-based convergence that is expected.

Additional information:
Divergent evolution: It differentiates between the closely related population to the species which leads to speciation. When two populations get separated by a geographic barrier it gets exhibited and experiences selective pressures that adapt to the new environment. It takes place when two groups of the same species evolve with different rates which accommodate for the different environmental and social pressures which include predation, competition, food supplies, etc.
Shared ancestors: This happens when one species of the n sister is the ancestor of two or more species which is a concept in evolutionary biology where the living beings of a unique sister are referred to as the last universal common ancestor of life on earth. It creates speciation where the multiple species get derived from a particular ancestral population that is closely related to each other.
Stabilizing selection: Stabilizing selection is defined as a decrease in the population with a genetic variance that favors the phenotype against variations.

So, the correct answer is, 'Convergent evolution’.

Note:
-The five-fingered bone structure in the hands of humans which are similar to other animals that have wings or flippers paws like bats and lemurs.
-The development of similar traits in different organisms occurs because they live in similar habitats and face similar problems for survival, and have to develop solutions to similar problems.
-In convergent evolution, similar traits develop in different organisms independently. For example, likewise, sharks and dolphins are similar but they are entirely different or unrelated.