Question

An experiment to prove that organic compounds were the basis of life, was performed by
A. Oparin
B. Miller
C. Melvin
D. Fox

Answer 1

Hint:- Life is dependent on carbon compounds in which carbon, a central element is studied in
organic chemistry. The most critical element of living organs is organic compounds. It is often known
that the living molecule, the most significant component of living things, was possibly a protein
molecule. The mechanistic philosophies advocate, by the chance combination of these elements, the
origin of the first living things.

Complete step-by-step solution:- To explain the origin of life on earth, Stanley L. Muller and Harold C. Urey conducted an
experiment. They had the belief that the atmosphere of the earth was capable of extracting
amino acids from inorganic matter.
- In the early earth#39;s atmosphere, the two biologists used methane, water, hydrogen, and
ammonia, which they thought to have been discovered. Inside sterile glass tubes, the
chemicals were sealed and flasks attached together in a loop and circulated inside the
apparatus.
- One flask is half-filled with water and a pair of electrodes is used in the other flask. The
water vapour has been heated and the released vapour has been applied to the chemical
mixture. The emitted gases dispersed throughout the apparatus, mimicking the atmosphere
of the earth.
- The water in the flask reflects the water on the surface of the planet, and the water vapor is
much like the water that evaporates from the seas and lakes. To ignite the fire, the
electrodes were used to mimic lightning and storm by water vapor. They cooled the vapours
and condensed the water.
- In a continuous cycle, this condensed water trickles back into the first water container. After
a week, Miller and Urey analyzed the cooled water and noticed that 10-15% of the carbon
was in the form of organic compounds. 13 amino acids were produced by 2 percent of
carbon.
- The theory of Oparin-Haldane indicates that life evolved gradually from inorganic molecules,
first forming "building blocks " such as amino acids and then combining to create complex
polymers.
- Melvin discovered the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis.
- Fox studied the synthesis of inorganic molecules of amino acids, called inorganic molecules
and thermal energy proteinoids, and developed what he believed was the world's first
proteinoid and water protocell.Thus, the correct answer is Miller, option (B).

Note:-
Haldane suggested that the oxygen-devoid atmosphere of the primordial sea was composed of ammonia,carbon dioxide, and ultraviolet light. This has given rise to a host of organic substances.There Were huge quantities of organic monomers and polymers in the water, and a hot dilute soup was called the sea. He perceived that lipid membranes were acquired by polymers and monomers.
The molecules evolved further and gave rise to the first organism alive. The word was coined by Haldanewas prebiotic soup.