Question

An electron is a :
A) $\alpha$ - ray particle
B) $\beta$ - ray particle
C) Positron
D) $\gamma$ ray

Answer 1

Firstly, let us understand the nature and characteristics of different types of particles mentioned above in the options. An electron is a subatomic particle which is electrically negative in charge. Electrons are found in every atom apart from other particles.

Complete step by step solution:
First we understand the nature and characteristic of above mention particle and then find solution:
$1)\;$ $\alpha$- rays consist of two protons and two neutrons bound together into a particle identical to a helium-4 nucleus. Alpha particles carry a charge of $+ 2$ and strongly interact with matter.
2)\;$$$$\beta - ray particles are extremely energetic electrons that are liberated from the inner nucleus. They bear negligible mass and carry the negative charge. A neutron in the nucleus splits into a proton and an electron on the emission of a beta particle. Hence, it is the electron that is emitted by the nucleus at a rapid pace.
$3$) Positron is identical to electrons. What makes positrons different from electrons is that it carries charges of opposite sign. When a positron collides with an electron, both particles may be destroyed and produce gamma-ray photons.
$4)$ $\gamma$ ray - The waves arising from the high-frequency end of the electromagnetic spectrum that has no mass are known as gamma rays.
An electron is a negatively charged particle similar to beta ray particles that are also negatively charged.
The beta particle has the same mass and charge as an electron and The beta particle, like the electron, has a very small mass compared to the proton or neutron

**So the option ( B) is correct.

Note: **
Beta particles have a higher penetration power when compared to alpha particles and can travel through the skin with ease. Beta particles can be dangerous and any contact with the body must be avoided.