Question

An ATP molecule is structurally most similar to a molecule of.
A. RNA molecule
B. Vitamin molecule
C. Amino acid
D. Fatty acid

Answer 1

ATP (Adenosine triphosphate) is an organic energy-carrying molecule that provides energy for the cell functions and another metabolism in a living organism. It is composed of nucleotides that consist of sugar, a nitrogenous base, and phosphate groups.

Complete step by step answer: The RNA molecule is structurally similar to an ATP molecule. The similarities between the structure of the ATP molecule and RNA molecule is listed below:
Organic molecule:
The molecule which contains hydrocarbon (CH) chains in addition to nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen, phosphate groups is known as an organic molecule.
They are two types of organic molecules, they are－macromolecules, and macromolecules
Macromolecule – the molecule which is required in a larger amount in the diet. Example: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins and nucleic acids.
Micro-molecule – the molecule which is required in smaller quantities in the diet. Example: minerals.
The RNA and ATP:
The nucleic acid – the molecules which are the carriers of heredity, and also responsible for protein synthesis. They are two types of nucleic acid: DNA and RNA.
The nucleic acid is made up of four nitrogenous bases, sugar molecules, and phosphate groups.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) – the energy-producing molecule, present inside the cell and provides energy to the cell function and metabolism.
Structural similarities:
ATP – it is made up of ribose sugar, adenine nitrogenous base, and three phosphate groups.
RNA – it is made up of ribose sugar, four nitrogenous bases – (adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil), and one phosphate group.
Hence, the structural similarities between the ATP molecule and RNA molecule are due to the presence of ribose sugar, adenine nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group.
Other molecules are not similar to the structure of ATP, because they all are made up of different elements.
The correct answer is option (A), RNA molecule.

Note:
-When the nucleic acids - RNA and DNA is compared to the ATP, the RNA is more similar to the ATP than DNA, because RNA has the ribose sugar which resembles ATP, but DNA has deoxy-ribose sugar.
-The Gibbs-free energy (∆G) required for the hydrolysis of 1 mole of ATP is ‘-57 kJ/mol’.