Question

Amongst the following compounds, identify which are insoluble, partially soluble and highly soluble in water?
A.Phenol
B.Toluene
C.Formic acid
D.Ethylene glycol
E.Chloroform
D.Pentanol

Answer 1

Before answering this question, we should first know about the properties of each compound. If a compound has polar groups and forms H-bond that means it is soluble in water. If a compound has no polar groups then it is insoluble. If a compound has polar groups as well as non-polar groups then they are partially soluble in water. Now, we can see at each compound and find out the answer.

Complete answer:
Phenol- The derivative of aromatic hydrocarbon which has a hydroxyl group, are known as phenols. The molecular formula of it is ${{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}OH$. The other names of phenol are benzenol, carbolic acid. It is a volatile solid compound that is white or colorless.
Phenol is represented by four Resonating structures. Resonance helps to stabilize the phenol as well as the phenoxide ion by delocalizing the electrons in the ring. The oxygen atom becomes positive because of the separation of charge that occurs due to the delocalization in phenol whereas in phenoxide ion the delocalization makes it more stable because charge separation does not occur in this. If we have to compare which is the less stable resonating structure, that would be Phenol.
Toluene- It is an aromatic hydrocarbon whose other name is toluol. It is insoluble in water and colorless smells like paint thinners. It is a benzene derivative, it has a methyl group linked to the phenyl group. The IUPAC of Toluene is methylbenzene.
Formic Acid- It is known as methanoic acid. It has the chemical formula HCOOH and is a simpler carboxylic acid. It occurs naturally and can be found in ants. It acts as an intermediate in chemical reactions. Formates are the esters, salts, and anion that are derivatives of formic acid.
Ethylene glycol- ${{(C{{H}_{2}}OH)}_{2}}$is an organic compound. It is a colorless liquid that tastes sweet. It is an odorless and viscous liquid.
Chloroform- $(CHC{{l}_{3}})$is a colorless organic compound, has a strong smell, and is a dense liquid. It is also known as trichloromethane.
Pentanol- It comprises five carbon atoms and is alcohol. The molecular formula of it is ${{C}_{5}}{{H}_{11}}OH$. It has a distinctive aroma and is a colorless liquid.
Phenol has polar groups -$OH$ and non-polar groups -${{C}_{6}}{{H}_{5}}$: Partially soluble in water.
Toluene has no polar groups: Insoluble in water.
Formic acid has polar groups -OH and can form H-bond with water: Highly soluble in water.
Ethylene glycol has a polar -OH group and can for H- bond with water: Highly soluble in water.
Chloroform: Insoluble in water.
Pentanol: Partially soluble in water.

Note:
Uses:
Toluene- It is used as a solvent and industrial feedstock.
Formic acid- It acts as a preservative and also an antibacterial agent in livestock feed.
Ethylene glycol- As a raw material to manufacture polyester fibers.
Chloroform- It acts as a sedative and precursor to many refrigerants.
Pentanol – it is used as a solvent to coat CDs and DVDs.