Question

Agrochemicals based agriculture includes-
A. Fertilisers and pesticides
B. Genetically modified crops
C. RNA interference
D. All of these

Answer 1

They are generic names given to some chemicals such as fertilizers, pesticides & insecticides.
Consumption of such residues is linked to various illnesses. For example, pesticide residues in food cause asthma in human beings.

Complete answer:
Agrochemicals, as the name suggests, is generally used in agriculture for plant growth and its protection. They are also known as agricultural chemicals. These chemicals are used to improve crop production, however, overuse has greatly affected the environment. Agrochemicals per-locate into the surrounding land and water bodies, entering the food chain.
Regarding their impact on crops, excess use of such chemicals generates a good amount of residues. These residues cause many nutrient imbalance and quality-reduction of agricultural produce. Effect on Soil
• They kill bacteria and other organisms which are beneficial to the soil
• The nitrate content in soil increases
• Alter pH levels substantially
• Unnatural growth effects- worse for environment
• Bioaccumulation occurs which can then enter the food chain
Effect on Water
• Makes water unfit for consumption.
• Excess chemicals often lead to eutrophication.
• it Alters the chemical properties of water.
Use of fertilisers have a very harmful effect on the top consumers i.e humans as this fertiliser runs off with water and is further eaten up by fishes which are consumed by humans and can lead to severe diseases.

Hence, the correct option is option A i.e fertilisers and pesticides.

Note: Agrochemicals in water, diffuses with the larger water bodies to promote the growth of algae – which can cause organisms such as fish to die. (This phenomenon is widely called Fish kills). Leads to water pollution and its harmful impact.