Question

After a mutation at a genetic locus, the character of an organism changes due to the change in
A.Protein structure
B.DNA replication
C.Protein synthesis pattern
D.RNA transcription pattern

Answer 1

Mutations are kind of changes in the DNA sequences which may result due to mistake, deletion, faulty replication, or exposure to harmful chemicals or radiations. Mutations are mainly categorized into three types.

Complete answer: Mutations are sudden inheritable discontinuous variations that appear in the organism due to permanent change in their genotypes and phenotypes of an organism. In addition to recombination, mutation is another phenomenon that leads to variation in DNA.
Mutations are of three types- genomic, chromosomal, and gene mutation.
Mutation at the gene level causes a change in nucleotide( sequence of a DNA segment ). The small portion of DNA which undergoes mutation is called muton. Every organism has certain genes that mutate more frequently and some genes which suppress mutation.
Mutation can occur in somatic and germinal cells. Generally, one gene mutates at a time, the mass mutation is rare. Most gene mutations are recessive so they express only in homozygous form. Usually, mutations are the forward type in which wild or normal type change to new mutant genotype, whereas in reverse type mutant genome change to wild type.
According to the central dogma of molecular biology a unidirectional flow of information from DNA to RNA(transcription) and from RNA to protein(translation). So, the change in DNA ultimately leads to a change in protein structure.
Therefore, the correct answer is option A. Protein structure.

Note: In some viruses, the flow of genetic information may occur in the reverse direction, i.e. from RNA to DNA. This is known as reverse transcription and this dogma is called central dogma reverse. The enzyme catalyzing this reaction is reverse transcriptase or RNA dependent DNA polymerase.