Question

Aerobic respiration is performed by which of the following?
A. Mitochondria
B. Chloroplast
C. Ribosome
D. Golgi body

Answer 1

Aerobic respiration is a catabolic process that involves the breakdown of glucose in presence of oxygen to produce carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate). Most of the higher animals, plants, and bacteria require oxygen to survive, so energy production takes place in the presence of oxygen.

Complete answer:
Cellular respiration is of two types- Aerobic (occurring in presence of oxygen) and Anaerobic (occurring in absence of oxygen). Higher animals, plants, and bacteria require oxygen to survive, so energy production takes place in the presence of oxygen.
Aerobic respiration takes place in the mitochondria and occurs through a series of processes.
Glycolysis- It takes place in the cytosol of the mitochondrial cell, during which glucose is partially oxidized to form two molecules of pyruvic acid, two molecules of ATP, and two molecules of NADH.
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate- It occurs in the mitochondrial matrix after the process of glycolysis is over. Here, the pyruvate molecules are converted to Acetyl Co-A and NADH, using pyruvate dehydrogenase enzymes.
Tricarboxylic acid cycle- Oxaloacetate combines with Acetyl Co-A to form citric acid, in presence of citrate synthase enzyme. This cycle has many more steps which eventually lead to the rise of two molecules of carbon dioxide, one ATP, a reduced NADH, and FADH.
Electron transport system- The final step of aerobic respiration occurs in the inner membrane of the mitochondria. $38$ molecules of ATP are produced at the end of the reaction.
The overall chemical reaction is-
${C_6}{H_{12}}{O_6} + 6{O_2} \to 6{H_2}O + 6C{O_2} + ATP$

Therefore, the entire aerobic respiration is performed by the mitochondria. So, the correct answer to this question is option A

Note:
Not always carbohydrates are used for the production of energy, sometimes proteins, fats, and some organic acids can also be used. They act as substrates of aerobic respiration other than sugars, whenever there is a deficiency of sugar and are oxidized to produce energy. In this case, the molecules of ATP might be less than that produced by the sugar substrate.