Question

Adrenaline is _____________.
A. Produced by the adrenal cortex.
B. Also called epinephrine
C. Responsible for milk production
D. None of the above

Answer 1

Adrenaline is a neurotransmitter and a hormone. As a neurotransmitter, it regulates various visceral functions. Also, adrenaline is known to play a vital role in the fight and flight reactions of the mind. It is secreted by some neurons in the medulla and by the inner portion of the adrenal glands.

Complete answer:
Adrenaline is an important hormone as well as a neurotransmitter that plays several important roles in controlling various activities. It is also called epinephrine in medical terms. It is produced by some neurons situated in the medulla oblongata portion of the brain by the medulla of adrenal glands. Adrenal glands are situated just above the apex of kidneys and are made of two portions. These are the outer cortex and inner medulla. Adrenaline is produced by the inner medulla.
Adrenaline is responsible for controlling visceral functions like respiration, heartbeat, etc. Neurotransmitter adrenaline is involved in flight and fight responses of the body. Increased levels of adrenaline indicate danger, emergency, or some strong feeling. It increases the blood flow to muscles, heart rate, etc. as a response to these feelings. Pupil dilation response and blood sugar levels are also regulated by adrenaline.
Adrenaline is used as a medication to treat several conditions like cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis, superficial bleeding, etc. It is also administered intravenously for various disease treatments.
So, adrenaline is also known as epinephrine and is not produced by the adrenal cortex. Also, it is not responsible for milk production as it is a function of another hormone named prolactin and oxytocin.

Therefore, from the above discussion, we can conclude that option B) is the correct answer.

Note: Exercise is also a physical stimulus for adrenaline secretion. This was demonstrated by an experiment done on a cat on a treadmill. Dilation of the pupil of the cat was observed. Adrenaline also actively participates in emotional responses. The hormonal component of stress is adrenaline mainly.