Question

ADH ( Antidiuretic hormone) is synthesized in ( an endocrine gland) _____________ and _____________the body fluid volumes.
A. Hypothalamus, decreases
B. Posterior pituitary, increases
C. Hypothalamus, increases
D. Posterior pituitary, decreases

Answer 1

The water balance in the body is achieved by ensuring the amount of water generated through metabolism is equal to the water excreted from the body. The kidneys are the major site of excretion of water and other toxic elements. The kidneys work by directly controlling the volume of body fluids and the amount of water that is excreted in the urine.

Complete step by step answer: The kidneys are the prime organs of excretion of water through urine. They work in conditions where water is conserved by producing concentrated urine or in the opposite condition when excess water needs to be eliminated from the body through production of diluted urine.
The direct control of water excretion in the form of urine is produced by the kidney and is exercised by ADH (Antidiuretic hormone). It is also known as vasopressin. It is a peptide hormone which is secreted by the hypothalamus. The secretion of ADH is influenced by several factors. The synthesis of ADH occurs in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus. It is then transported to the posterior pituitary gland through the neurohypophysis capillaries. It is then stored in the posterior pituitary gland and from where it is stored and secreted into the circulation.
The main action of ADH is to regularize the volume and osmolarity of the urine produced by the kidney. In conditions increased osmolarity ADH secretion is increased and the permeability of distilled convoluted tubules and collecting ducts of the kidney to water increases. This caused the water to move out of the nephron back into the bloodstream and regularize the plasma osmolarity and thereby increase the body’s fluid volume. The release of ADH in the body is controlled by several factors such as plasma osmotic pressure and volume status of the body. The release of ADH is also affected by exercise and angiotensin II. ADH release is affected by atrial natriuretic peptide. This is released by the arteria due to increase in blood pressure.
Therefore, the correct option is option C.

Note: The ADH or Antidiuretic hormone is a hormone produced in the hypothalamus of the brain. THe main function of the Antidiuretic hormone is maintenance of body fluids and production of urine to maintain the body fluids within the optimum range. ADH (Antidiuretic hormone) is also known as vasopressin.