Question

According to Rutherford, the atom consists of the following two parts:

Answer 1

According to Rutherford, the atom consists of electrons and protons. Rutherford proposed that an atom is composed of empty space mostly with electrons orbiting in a set, predictable path around a fixed, positively charged nucleus.

Complete answer:
According to Rutherford, the atom consists of electrons and protons.
$-$The model described the atom as a tiny, dense, positively charged core called a nucleus, in which nearly all the mass is concentrated, around which the light, negative constituents, called electrons, circulate at some distance, much like planets revolving around the Sun.
$-$From purely energetic considerations of how far particles of known speed would be able to penetrate toward a central charge of $100e$, Rutherford was able to calculate that the radius of his gold central charge would need to be less than $3.4 \times {10^{ - 4}}$ $metres$. This was in a gold atom known to be ${10^{ - 10}}$ $metres$ or so in radius a very surprising finding, as it implied a strong central charge less than $\dfrac{1}{{3000}}th$ of the diameter of the atom.
$-$The Rutherford paper suggested that the central charge of an atom might be proportional to its atomic mass in hydrogen mass units $u$ and was therefore modelled by Rutherford to be possibly $196u$. However, Rutherford did not attempt to make the direct connection of central charge to atomic number, since gold's atomic number. Thus, Rutherford did not formally suggest the two numbers might be exactly the same.

Note:
Physicist Ernest Rutherford envisioned the atom as a miniature solar system, with electrons orbiting around a massive nucleus, and as mostly empty space, with the nucleus occupying only a very small part of the atom. The neutron had not been discovered when Rutherford proposed his model, which had a nucleus consisting only of protons.