Question

According to Mendel, ________ segregated and ______ assort independently.
A. Alleles of a gene, alleles of different genes.
B. Alleles of different genes, alleles of a gene.
C. Dominant traits, recessive traits.
D. Recessive traits, recessive traits.

Answer 1

Gregor Johann Mendelwho was known as genetics constructed the laws that had changed the overall concept of genetics. Earlier it was thought that the traits that were passed to the offspring from the parents include the blending of characteristics. Mendel established some laws which concluded that the blending of features of the parents did not occur in the hereditary process.

Complete answer: Mendel established three laws. These are the law of the principle of dominance, law of the principle of segregation, and law of independent assortment.
The law of the principle of dominance: According to the law Mendel stated that the heterozygous organisms carry two different alleles for a particular character but among them, only one allele can express phenotypically at a time. The expressed allele is known as the dominant allele. The allele which remains suppressed in the heterozygous condition is called recessive allele as it can only be expressed phenotypically in homozygous condition.
The law of the principle of segregation states that the segregation of alleles occurred during the formation of gamete and it can pair randomly during the formation of zygote.
According to the law of independent assortment, the alleles that remain in pairs segregated individually that causes the formation of different traits with the best possibility.
So, the correct answer is “Option A”.

Note: The law of segregation is considered as the universally accepted law of inheritance. This law applies to all the hereditary processes. A gamete can possess only one allele (either dominant or recessive) at a time. The gametes can’t carry both the recessive and dominant alleles together.