Question

a) What is the composition of vinegar and glacial acetic acid?
b) What happens when a burning splinter is brought near the mouth of a test tube containing acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate?

Answer 1

Acids are generally those substances which are capable of donating a proton i.e. hydrogen atom to another substance while bases are those substances which are able to accept a hydrogen ion from an acid.

Complete answer:
Acids are generally sour in taste and it turns blue litmus paper to red. Bases are bitter in taste and turn red litmus paper into red. A base that can be dissolved in water is known by the term alkali and when these substances chemically react with acids they form salts.
a) Vinegar can also be known as acetic acid which is represented by the chemical formula $C{{H}_{3}}COOH$ whereas glacial acetic acid is also same as acetic acid or we can say vinegar but the only difference is that glacial acetic acid is the concentrated form of acetic acid.
The composition of Vinegar contains 5 % acetic acid whereas glacial acetic acid has 99-100% acetic acid.
b) When a burning splinter is brought near the mouth of test tube containing acetic acid and sodium bicarbonate then carbon dioxide gas is produced and the splinter gets extinguished and the reaction can be shown as follows:
$C{{H}_{3}}COOH+NaHC{{O}_{3}}\to C{{H}_{3}}COONa+{{H}_{2}}O+C{{O}_{2}}$

Note:
If we mix equal amounts of an acid and a base then two chemicals essentially cancel out each other and produce salt and water. Mixing equal amounts of a strong acid with a strong base results in a neutral solution whose pH value remains 7 and this type of reaction is known as neutralization reaction.