Question

(a)State the objective of animal breeding
(b)List the importance and limitation of breeding. How can the limitation be overcome?
(c)Given an example of a new breed each of cattle and poultry.

Answer 1

Animal breeding is the practice of raising, taking care, and breeding of farm animals with regard to obtaining the superior quality of the breed and their product. In animal husbandry farm animals like cattle, sheep, horses for human advantages are raised.

Complete step-by-step answer:
(a)The objective of Animal Breeding
-In animal husbandry, the farm animals are raised for meat, milk, fiber, eggs, etc. which includes day- to –daycare.
-The superior cattle are obtained by breeding superior parents which helps in increasing product quality as well as increasing product life.
-Selective breeding for desired traits is used to obtain superior farm animals which are responsible for large increases in productivity.
-This practice is more emphasized to obtain cattle with disease resistance character and increase the production of desired products than the previous generation.
(b)Importance of Animal Breeding
-The breeder can emphasize on the desired character and increase its production and higher profit without the administration of any drug to the animal. Example- Domperidone is used to increase milk production in animals.
-The death rate of cattle due to disease can decrease by breeding of superior cattle having disease resistance.
-Easy to monitor the upcoming generation trait by selective breeding, which is used to hereditarily encourage beneficial character.
Limitation of Animal breeding and how to overcome
-It is sometimes impossible to track the marker gene associated with the desired gene of a trait.
-It can lead to the limit of the species variety due to the higher productivity for the continuance of the evolutionary expansion in the future from the reason that only positive traits would remain. Thus requires outbreeding of cattle which will introduce a new gene pool to new offspring.
-There is a high possibility of random mutation happening which results in the decline of the effectiveness of animals. Thus it is necessary to maintain the pedigree of the cattle to mark the emergence of mutation on time.
(c)Example
-The new breed in cattle – Karan Swiss and Sunandini
-The new breed in poultry – White leghorn and Hampshire

Note: -Mostly the livestock is herbivores like ruminants like cattle and sheep feed on grass or pelleted cereals whereas some are omnivores like pig and chicken.
-The study of the pedigree of animals and linkage of marker genes with the desired gene of trait helps in improving animal breeding.