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Question: A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical conductors, held in position by suitable ...

A spherical capacitor consists of two concentric spherical conductors, held in position by suitable insulating support (fig.). Show the capacitance of spherical capacitor is given by
c=4π∈∘r1r2r1−r2c = \dfrac{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }{r_1}{r_2}}}{{{r_1} - {r_2}}} where r1{r_1} and r2{r_2} are the radii of outer and inner spheres, respectively.

Explanation

Solution

Hint: Capacitance is the ability of the component to store the energy in form of electrical charge. It is expressed in the ratio of charge (Q) to the potential difference (V). Capacitor has two plates separated by a distance having equal and opposite charge.

Complete step-by-step solution -
According to the question:
Radius of outer shell= r1{r_1}
Radius of inner shell=r2{r_2}
The inner surface of the outer shell has charge +Q and the outer surface of inner shell is –Q
Potential between two shells is given by
VQ4π∈∘r2−Q4π∈∘r1V\dfrac{Q}{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }{r_2}}} - \dfrac{Q}{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }{r_1}}}
As we know that ∈∘{ \in _ \circ } is permittivity of free space
V=Q4π∈∘[1r2−1r1] V=Q(r1−r2)4π∈∘r1r2  V = \dfrac{Q}{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }}}\left[ {\dfrac{1}{{{r_2}}} - \dfrac{1}{{{r_1}}}} \right] \\\ V = \dfrac{{Q\left( {{r_1} - {r_2}} \right)}}{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }{r_1}{r_2}}} \\\
Capacitance of the given system is given by,
C=QVC = \dfrac{Q}{V} and capacitance is measured in farad.
C=4π∈∘r1r2r1−r2C = \dfrac{{4\pi { \in _ \circ }{r_1}{r_2}}}{{{r_1} - {r_2}}}
Hence proved.

Capacitors are widely used in electronic circuits to perform a variety of tasks, such as filtering, smoothing, bypassing etc. AC is able to get through it and get a dc block this is known as a coupling capacitor. The coupling capacitors are essential components in amplifier circuits.
In analog circuits, a coupling capacitor is used to connect two circuits such that only AC signal from the first circuit passes through the next circuit while DC is blocked.

Note: There are two main types of coupling categories: Mechanical flexing and Material flexing. There are different types of capacitor such as polyester capacitor, trimmer capacitor, PCB mounted electrolytic capacitor, motor run capacitor and lots more.