Question

(a) Name the tropical sugarcane variety grown in South India. How has it helped in improving the sugarcane quality grown in North India? (b) Identify 'a', 'b' and 'c' in the following table:

No.	Crop	Variety	Insect pest
1	Brassica	Pusa Gaurav	(a)
2	Flat bean	Pusa Sem 2 Pusa Sem 3	(b)
3	(c)	Pusa Sawani Pusa A-4	Shoot and fruit borer

Answer 1

Saccharum barberi is the tropical sugarcane variety grown in southern India (new variety made after breeding north and south Indian varieties). In South India, it is successfully grown because it is a high-yielding and disease-resistant variety.

Complete answer:
Saccharum officinarum is the tropical type plant in South India. Sugar cane of this type has a higher content of sugar and has a thicker stem, but in North India, it does not grow well. Saccharum barberi has low sugar content and low yield in Northern India. Both species were crossed to achieve a high sugar content, high yield, thick stems, and ability to grow in North India's sugarcane belt. The higher sugar content and thicker stems of this variety of sugarcane make it yield more. Saccharum barberi is the variety of sugarcane of Northern Indian, which has a low sugar content but is disease resistant. Saccharum officinarum is the type of sugarcane of Southern Indian, with high sugar content, large spruce, and a high return but not resistant to disease. The Saccharum barberi is the new variety produced. It is dense and is seen in northern India and is cultivated on a large scale.
The following table offers details about various types of insect-resistant plants.

No.	Crop	Variety	Insect pest
1	Brassica	Pusa Gaurav	Aphids
2	Flat bean	Pusa Sem 2 Pusa Sem 3	Jassids, aphids, and fruit bearers
3	Okra (Bhindi)	Pusa Sawani Pusa A-4	Shoot and fruit borer

Note: All varieties of diseases and pestilence are grown while breeding plants. Established while the purposeful handling of plant species is to produce selected plant species that are more suitable for cultivation and provide better yield and resistance to conditions. Approximately 9,000 to 12,000 years ago, plant breeding techniques were responsible for effective green revolutions in the country. The objective of plant breeding was to: improve crop yield, improve quality, increase tolerance, increase resistance to pathogens, and produce short-ripe plants.