Question

a) “India has greater ecosystem diversity than Norway”. Do you agree with the statement? Give reason in support of your answer.
b) Write the difference between genetic biodiversity and species biodiversity that exists on all levels of biological organisation.

Answer 1

Biodiversity is also known as biological diversity. It is a variety and variability of life found on the earth. In biosphere massive diversity or heterogeneity exists not only for the species levels but at the all biological organisation, which is from cells to biomes.

Complete answer:
a) Ecological biodiversity- It is the diversity of the ecosystem, natural communities and habitats. In short biodiversity at the ecosystem level and its variety of ways that organisms/species interact with each other and their surrounding environments. For example forest in Marine and forest in Colorado, both have different species, temperature and rainfall. Both are forest but have lots of differences. That uniqueness makes both of them special.
Yes, India is greater as compared to Norway; the most important reason is that Norway lies near the Arctic region whereas India is present in the tropical and subtropical region. India gets all the conditions like the proper amount of sunlight, temperature variation, rainfall, etc for the different species to survive. Most of the time the Arctic region is covered with snow and ice. Another important reason is that India has large geographical, topological and variation in climate conditions as compared to Norway. This allows more productivity in the tropical region more than Norway.
b)

Genetic biodiversity	Species biodiversity
It is a diversity of genetic characteristics within a species.	The diversity is shown at the species level. The amount of variability and variation of species in a particular area and at a particular time.
It allows or influences the species to adapt and distribute in diverse habitats.	It influences biotic (living organisms) interactions and stability of the community.
This can be calculated by evaluating the number of genes.	This can be calculated by evaluating the number of species.
This type of diversity may not be directly viewed.	It is always tangible.
It has more potential to affect species diversity.	This has less potential (as compared to genetic diversity) to affect genetic diversity.

Note: The word biodiversity is a complex term. It not only consists of a variety of different animals that is species biodiversity, but it also consists of a variation between the animals of the same species that is species biodiversity and between the ecosystems, i.e., ecological biodiversity.