Question

A health disorder that results from deficiency of thyroxine in adults and is characterized by
(i) Low metabolic rate
(ii) Increase in body weight and
(iii) Tendency to retain water in tissues is
A. Simple goiter
B. Myxoedema
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Cretinism

Answer 1

This disease is common in adults due to thyroid hormone deficiency when the body is mentally and physically complete. This disease is also named as Gull's disease.

Complete answer:
Thyroxine is a blood stream hormone released by the thyroid gland. When in the bloodstream, it is turned into the active form of triiodothyronine by thyroxine to organics such as liver and kidney. In cardiovascular functions, muscle control, metabolism, brain growth, and bone health, thyroxine plays a key role. It affects virtually all the body systems and thus health is conditioned by proper thyroxine levels.

There can be health issues if we have too much or too little thyroxine. We will have a disorder called thyrotoxicity if the body secretes too much thyroxine. This can cause goiter that swells the neck due to a widened thyroid gland. Increases in bowel movement, weight loss, tiredness or irritability, heat intolerance can also be caused by thyrotoxicosis.

Myxedema, also known as Gull's disease, is common in adults due to thyroid hormone deficiency when the body is mentally and physically complete. Thyroid hormone controls the metabolism of the body as the intake of oxygen in metabolically active tissues increases. Low thyroid hormone levels cause low body metabolism. Growing the body weight and water accumulation in tissues are other signs.
The body can also contain insufficient thyroxine, which is known as hypothyroidism. If it happens while the person is young, low thyroxine levels contribute to development problems. In adults, the metabolic deficiency of thyroxine can increase weight, problems in memory, infertility, fatigue, and stiffness in muscles.

Thus, the correct answer is option B. i.e., Myxoedema.

Note: A major part of the endocrine system is the thyroid gland, which secretes a range of hormones, from cardiac health to metabolic activity. Thyroxine is one of these hormones. It is considered one of the most essential thyroid hormones, because of its many functions.