Question

a) Give two names of artificial sweeteners.
b) Give definition of antibiotic and one example.
c) Give definition of antihistamine drug with name and uses.

Answer 1

Here, we are asked about artificial sweeteners, antibiotics and antihistamine drugs. So, artificial sweetener is the synthetic substitute for sugar, antibiotics are used as anti-bacterial and antihistamine drugs are used as anti-allergic.

Complete answer:
Now, let’s understand them one by one and have a look at their examples as well.
a.Artificial sweetener: Let’s understand first what artificial sweetener is. Now, artificial sweetener can be defined as synthetic food additives (these are the substances that are used to enrich the taste or appearance) that are used as the substituents of the sugar and contain very less or zero calories in it.
For example: 1) Saccharin: It is a very old artificial sweetener which has been used commercially for a long time. It is synthesized by oxidizing phthalic anhydride or it can also be synthesized by oxidizing o-toluene sulfonamide. Saccharin does not contain any calories or carbs.

2) Aspartame: It is also amongst the most common artificial sweeteners. It is basically a dipeptide methyl ester. It is used in a wide range of foods.

b.Antibiotics: Antibiotics are basically substances which inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill them. They work as antibacterial and prevent the infection caused by them.
Example: Amoxicillin: it is a type of penicillin antibiotic and it is mainly used for the treatment of infections in chest, urine or some dental infections as well, etc.

c.Antihistamine drug: These are the drugs which are used for the treatment of several allergies or low fever. Antihistamine works by blocking histamine which is a type of chemical messenger which is used to mediate various cellular responses.
For example: Diphenhydramine: it is a type of antihistamine which is used to treat common cold, allergies or fever. It can also treat vomiting, nausea or dizziness which is caused by motion sickness.

Note:
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