Question

A genetically engineered microbe utilised for cleaning oil spill is
A. Bacillus subtilis
B. Escherichia coli
C. Pseudomonas putida
D. Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Answer 1

It is a gram-negative, saprotrophic soil, bacterium with the rod-shaped structure. This species was genetically modified in 1971 by prof. AM Chakrabarty.

Complete answer:
Genetically engineered microbes (GEMs) primarily apply to the microorganisms, i.e. bacteria or fungi, including yeasts, which humans have changed to perform a particular role by the use of in vitro molecular biology.There are also other techniques available for altering the genetic structure of microorganisms but not all of these techniques fall under genetically engineered or genetically modified regulatory categories. he riboflavin production from the 1990s to the present day, where nearly 100 percent of commercially-made riboflavin is made using a GEM, is an excellent example of the adoption of GMOs as a production method of food ingredients. Food products made by GEMs today include vitamins, amino acids, functional proteins, nutrient proteins, oligosaccharides, flavors or sweeteners.

Pseudomonas putida is a gram-negative, saprotrophic soil, bacterium of the rod-shaped. Based on an analysis of the 16S rRNA, the P. putida species was taxonomically confirmed and, along with a number of other species in the genus, it is called P. putida. A new species of Pseudomonas bacteria (oil-eating bacteria) was genetically modified in 1971 by prof. AM Chakrabarty.Pseudomonas putida is a genetically modified bacteria used to digest crude oil hydrocarbons to scavenge oil spills. The hydrocarbon degradation capacity of Pseudomonas putida is very high.

Thus, the correct answer is option C. i.e., Pseudomonas putida.

Note: The world's first patented organism is a type of P. putida known as multiplasmid hydrocarbon-degrading Pseudomonas.It shows an ability to degrade organic solvents, including toluene, through a wide range of metabolism. This ability was used in bioremediation or in microorganisms to degrade contaminants from the environment.