Question

A gene, which affects the character of another gene, not located on similar locus of the homologous chromosome is called as
A. Duplicate gene
B. Epistatic gene
C. Complementary gene
D. Supplementary gene

Answer 1

Hint:- The consequence of the mutation depends on the genetic sense in which it occurs. Therefore, epistatic mutations of their own have different consequences than when they arise together.

Complete step-by-step solution:-
Duplicate gene also known as amplified gene is one which generates new genetic material during molecular evolution.
In genetics, epistasis is a condition in which the consequence of a gene mutation depends on the presence or lack of mutations in one or two other genes, called modifier genes, respectively. In other words, the mutation's effect depends on the genetic sense in which it happens. Therefore, epistatic mutations of their own have different consequences than when they arise together.
Complementary genes are genes that both contribute to a single characteristic, where both genes can mask the effect of the other. You may also think of complementary genes as any instance in which dominant forms of both genes are required for the dominant characteristic to be seen.
Supplementary genes are genes that both lead to a single trait, where one gene may mask the other's influence. In terms of one gene creating a characteristic, we can even think of supplementary genes and the second as only being able to 'supplement' this characteristic.
So the correct answer is Option (B) Epistatic gene.

Additional information:
The relationship between hair colour and baldness is an instance of epistasis. For blond hair or red hair, one gene for absolute baldness will be epistatic. The hair-colour genes are hypostatic to the gene for baldness. The trait of baldness supersedes hair colour genes, and so the results are non-additive.

Note:- In the DNA sequence that makes up a gene, a gene mutation is an irreversible improvement, such that the sequence varies from what is seen in other humans. Mutations vary in size; they can impact a large segment of a chromosome that contains several genes from a single DNA building block (base pair) to anywhere.