Question

(a). Following are the responses of different animals to various abiotic factors. Describe each one with the help of an example.
A. Regulate
B. Conform
C. Migrate
D. Suspend

(b). If 8 individuals in a population of 80 butterflies die in a week, calculate the death rate of a population of 80 butterflies during that period.

Answer 1

(a) The abiotic factors are the nonliving parts of an ecosystem. These are often the chemical and physical parts of the environment. It includes things like temperature, wind altitude, soil, gases, nutrients.
(b) Death rate can be defined as the number of deaths in a specific area in a particular period of time per 1000 individuals. It can be calculated as-

${\text{Death}}\;{\text{Rate}}\; = \;\dfrac{{Total\;number\;of\;death}}{{Total\;Population}}\; \times \;1000\;\;\,\,\;$

Complete answer: (a) The responses of different animal to various abiotic factors:
A. Regulators: some organisms are able to maintain a constant temperature of the body and constant osmotic concentration despite changes in the external environment. In general, some species have evolved the ability to regulate.
E.g.: all the mammals and birds maintained a constant body temperature like humans, which is 36- 37℃. When the outside temperature is lower than the body temperature, we start shivering, and on the opposite side when the temperature is above 37℃ - the constant body temperature, the sweat comes to start.
B. Conform: is where the 99% of the organism cannot maintain a constant internal osmotic concentration. Their body temperature can change with the atmospheric temperature. These animals and plants are the conformers.
E.g.: shrews and hummingbirds are having a large surface area relative to their volume. Therefore, they lose their body heat very fast when the outside temperature is down. This is the reason why the small animals or species are rarely found in the polar zone.
C. Migrate: Inn migration the organism can move temporarily from the unfavourable place of habitation to a more hospitable area and return when the unfavourable period is over.
E.g.: In winter, is the famous Keoladeo National Park – Bharatpur century, which hosts thousands of migratory birds coming from Siberia and other extremely cold northern zones.
D. Suspend: in literal meaning is to stop sometime. In bacteria, fungi and lower plants there are various kinds of thick walls which are formed to help them survive in unfavorable conditions. And when they come back in their favorable condition, they will get germinate.
E.g.: In the winter season, the bear goes into hibernation. And in summer, the fishes and the snails go into the aestivation. These are the examples of escape in time.
Note: In general terms, some organisms have the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of osmotic concentration, beyond which they can easily conform. And if the stressful external conditions remain only for a short period of duration, the organism has two other alternatives: which are migrate or suspend.
(b) In the above question, it is mentioned that 8 individuals in a population of 80 butterflies die in a week, so the death rate of a population of 80 butterflies can be calculated as:
Death rate of population of 80 butterflies = $\dfrac{8}{80}$ = 0.1 individuals per butterfly per week

Note: In general terms, some organisms have the ability to regulate, but only over a limited range of osmotic concentration, beyond which they can easily conform. And if the stressful external conditions remain only for a short period of duration, the organism has two other alternatives: which are migrate or suspend.