Question

(a) Difference between transportation of food and transportation of water in plants.
(b) Give the role of (i) Pulmonary vein (ii) Vena cava

Answer 1

The cell membrane has transport proteins that enable the ions to cross the membrane. The ions then go upward through the xylem, to the leaves and different aerial components of the plant. The food manufactured in the leaves is Trans located upwards, downwards and laterally to all components of the plant via the phloem. The pulmonary veins are amongst the few veins that carry oxygenated blood.

Complete explanation:
Transport of Water and Minerals: The xylem tissue transports the water and minerals which consists of interconnected vessels and tracheids arranged into continuous conducting tubes from the roots to the leaves. These tubes help in raising water and minerals to all parts of the plant. Water is absorbed by using osmosis, whilst the minerals are absorbed as ions by means of active transport (transport in opposition to the law of diffusion, via spending cellular energy).
(i) Pulmonary Vein: The phloem additionally conducts some different substances such as amino acids. The conducting cells of the phloem have a sieve-like partition at each end. These partitions are known as sieve plates. A non-stop column from the leaves to different parts of the plant is formed by the arrangement of sieve tubes one above the other. Besides sieve tubes, the phloem additionally has companion cells and phloem parenchyma. Sucrose is the primary structure of carbohydrates that is translocated in plants. Its translocation into the phloem tissue happens with the expenditure of energy. As a result, water from the surrounding cells is pressured to waft into the leaf cells through osmosis. This reasons sucrose to be Translocated from the point of its synthesis to the receiving end in the shape of a solution. This process is thus dependent on the requirement of the plant. The pulmonary veins are major blood arteries that drain into the left atrium of the heart after receiving oxygenated blood from the lungs. There are $4$ pulmonary veins and those are connected from each lung. They play an indispensable role in respiration, through receiving blood that has been oxygenated in the alveoli and then returning it to the left atrium.
(ii) Vena cava: The optimal vena cava is placed in the center of the chest and is surrounded by inflexible structures and lymph nodes. The structure bordering the superior vena cava include the trachea, aorta, right bronchus of the lung, and also the pulmonary artery.

Note:
Xylem transports water and dissolved minerals implants and Phloem transport organized food in plants. The pulmonary vein transports oxygenated blood to the left ventricle of the heart. And the vena cava transports deoxygenated blood from the body to the right ventricle. The foremost vena cava is the massive vein that returns blood to the coronary heart from the head, neck, and both upper limbs.