Question

A diagram which gives number and features of chromosomes is called
A. Karyogram
B. Ideogram
C. Ideotype
D. Karyotype

Answer 1

Following replication, the DNA condenses into chromosomes. At now, each chromosome actually consists of a bunch of duplicate chromatids that are held together by the centromere. The centromere is the purpose of attachment of the kinetochore, a protein structure that's connected to the spindle fibres. The centromere duplicates, and also the chromatid pair separates; each chromatid becomes a separate chromosome at this point.

Complete answer:
Chromosomes are thread-like structures within which DNA is tightly packaged within the nucleus. It also can be defined as a DNA molecule with part or all of the genetic material of an organism. DNA is coiled around proteins called histones, which give its structure support. Chromosomes help ensure that DNA is replicated and distributed appropriately during the process.

Each chromosome contains a centromere, which divides the chromosome into two sections – the p (short) arm and so the q (long) arm. The centromere is found at the cell’s constriction point, which might or may not be the center of the chromosome. The arrangement of the centromere on each chromosome gives its characteristic shape. Before this, every chromosome is copied once (S phase), and also the copy is joined to the initial by a centromere, resulting either in an X-shaped structure. The initial chromosome and so the copy are then called sister chromatids. During metaphase the X-shape structure is termed a metaphase chromosome.

Idiogram or Idiotype: It is the graphical representation of the karyotype. Generally, the idiogram is ready to indicate the haploid chromosome complement of a species; it's prepared from the measurement of somatic metaphase chromosomes.

Individual chromosomes must be identified for this purpose. There are techniques by which chromosomes or maybe specific chromosome segments may be identified. These techniques are fluorescent staining, pulse labelling, chromosome banding, and studying the tertiary constrictions and chromomeres.

Karyogram: A karyogram shows the chromosomes of an organism in homologous pairs of decreasing length. Chromosomes are arranged into homologous pairs each of which is arranged into size order- from largest to smallest. The foremost common style of Karyogram shows photographs of chromosomes, the pictures are taken during meiosis at which point chromosomes are condensed and come into sight where they'd otherwise not be seen as discrete entities. Within the image the chromosomes appear to have a banding pattern that can be produced as a result of staining, they're stained and photographed to come up with a visible profile that's called a karyogram.

Karyotype: A karyotype is a person's collection of chromosomes. The term also refers to a laboratory technique that produces a picture of a personality's chromosomes. The karyotype is employed to appear for abnormal numbers or structures of chromosomes.

Therefore, the correct option is B, ideogram.

Note:
Photomicrographs of the chromosomes of one representative somatic metaphase cell are clipped out and arranged in homologous pairs per their size. If the chromosomes are small and there's difficulty in identifying the individual chromosomes, they're arranged in groups of comparable chromosomes.