Question

a) Define genetic engineering.
b) What are the benefits of genetic engineering?

Answer 1

Hint:- Genetic engineering is also known as genetic manipulation, and it is the use of biotechnology for the manipulation of genes of organisms, and it is the set of the technology used to change the genetic makeup of cells such as transfer of genes between the species to produce improved organisms.

Complete answer:
1. In the case of genetic engineering the process is done as follows, where first, the DNA is obtained by isolation and copying of the genetic material of interest, by using the recombinant DNA methods, where the constructor a piece of DNA is used to insert the host organism.
2. Whereas the first recombinant DNA is made in the year 1971, by coming to the DNA from the monkey virus, such as SV40, with the lambda virus, and the organism which is produced by genetic engineering is called genetically modified organisms.
3. The process of genetic engineering includes such as genetic engineering there are several steps included, such as isolation of genes and cloning, inserting the DNA into the host genome.

Benefits of Genetic engineering.
1. It is applied in various fields, the major area where present genetic engineering is used in the field of medicine, where it is useful in the manufacture of drugs, and creation of model animals, and the case of gene therapy, and in production of hormones and antibodies, and also for the preparation of vaccines.
2. It is useful in the field of clinical research, and some functional experiments such as gene knockout experiments, and gene functional experiments, etc.
3. It is used in the case of industrial purposes, by utilizing various microorganisms, and it is used in the case of agriculture for developing disease-resistant plants, and for viral vectors, etc.

Note:- Genetic engineering is the field of technology where genes are modified as utilized to produce various new species and it is used in various fields such as plants to produce genetically modified organisms, and in case of medical, and clinical research and for industrial purpose, etc.