Question

A conducting shell of radius 10 cm is charged with $3.2\times {{10}^{-19}}C$. The electric potential at a distance 4 cm from its centre in volt be:

Answer 1

We know that a force is a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Whenever there is an interaction between two objects, there is a force upon each of the objects. When the interaction ceases, the two objects no longer experience the force. When a force acts (pushes or pulls) on an object, it changes the object's speed or direction (in other words, makes it accelerate). The bigger the force, the more the object accelerates. When a force acts on an object, there's an equal force (called a reaction) acting in the opposite direction. A force involves an interaction between two or more objects, and it causes a push or pull between the objects. Good examples of opposing force include drag due to interaction with an air mass and the force due to friction between two objects.

Complete step by step answer
We know that potential means ability and in physics ability of a system to perform a work. Work done means any object is displaced from one position to another in the presence of force. So, in the electrical system a force which causes movement of charge to some distance in presence of another force is called potential. The electric potential, or voltage, is the difference in potential energy per unit charge between two locations in an electric field. That's why physicists use a single positive charge as our imaginary charge to test out the electrical potential at any given point.
We can say that the higher potential is the point of higher concentration of charges and lower potential is the point with a lesser concentration of charges. Hence considered the point which is more positive as a higher potential point
Potential is to be determined at a distance of $4 \mathrm{cm}$ from the centre of the sphere i.e., inside the sphere. $V=\dfrac{k q}{r}=\dfrac{9 \times 10^{9} \times 3.2 \times 10^{-19}}{10 \times 10^{-2}}=28.8 \times 10^{-9} \mathrm{volts}$

Note We can say that thermal energy (also called heat energy) is produced when a rise in temperature causes atoms and molecules to move faster and collide with each other. The energy that comes from the temperature of the heated substance is called thermal energy. While conduction is the transfer of heat energy by direct contact, convection is the movement of heat by actual motion of matter; radiation is the transfer of energy with the help of electromagnetic waves. The matter is present around us, in three states, solid, liquid and gas. Conduction heat transfer is the transfer of heat by means of molecular excitement within a material without bulk motion of the matter. Conduction heat transfer in gases and liquids is due to the collisions and diffusion of the molecules during their random motion.