Question

A.Calculate the torque with which the wheel is turning .

B. Which wheel will have more turning effect and why?
i.

ii.

iii.

Answer 1

The amount of force required to twist an object is measured by torque. For part (A) torque can be found out by the relation between force, radius, and angle between force and lever arm. For part (B) find the individual torque for all three wheels then compare which will have more turning effect.

Complete answer:
Solution of the part (A) -
We have been given the radius of the wheel $R = 5cm = 0.05m$ and force acting on the wheel is $F = 10N$
The amount of force required to twist an object is measured as torque which is given as
$\tau = RF\sin \theta$
Where $\theta$ is the angle between force and lever arm.

$\Rightarrow \tau = 0.05 \times 10 \times \sin {90^ \circ }$
$\Rightarrow \tau = 0.5Nm$
Hence the torque with which the wheel is turning is $\tau = 0.5Nm$
Solution for part (B)- turning effect depends upon, force, the shortest distance between the force line and axis of rotation.
i.

Dividing the given force into its components. Taking the $\cos \theta$ component of force which is making the tangent with the wheel. Torque for the given wheel will be
$\Rightarrow \tau = RF\cos \theta$
$\Rightarrow \tau = 0.05F\cos \theta$

ii.

torque for the given wheel is
$\tau = 0.05F$

iii.

Here radius $R = 10cm = 0.10m$ therefore, torque for the given wheel is
$\tau = 0.10F$
So, the turning effect on the wheel will be like (iii) $>$ (ii) $>$(i)
Hence, torque is found to be maximum in wheel given in (iii) therefore, wheel in the (iii) option will have more turning effect.

Note:
A straight line that only touches the circle once is a tangent to a circle. It is called the point of tangency. At this point, the tangent to a circle is always perpendicular to the radius that is why we took $\theta = {90^ \circ }$ here.