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Question: 3- Chloro hept-4-ene-1-yne...

3- Chloro hept-4-ene-1-yne

Answer
      Cl
      |
CH≡C - CH - CH=CH - CH₂ - CH₃
Explanation

Solution

The structural formula of 3-Chloro hept-4-ene-1-yne can be determined by breaking down the IUPAC name:

  1. Parent Chain: "Hept" indicates a 7-carbon chain.
  2. Multiple Bonds:
    • "-1-yne" means a triple bond between the 1st and 2nd carbon atoms.
    • "-4-ene" means a double bond between the 4th and 5th carbon atoms. When numbering, the chain is numbered to give the multiple bonds the lowest possible locants. If there's a tie, the double bond gets preference for the lowest locant. In this case, numbering from the end with the triple bond gives (1-yne, 4-ene), which is (1,4). Numbering from the other end would give (3-ene, 6-yne), which is (3,6). Thus, (1,4) is the correct numbering scheme.
  3. Substituent: "3-Chloro" means a chlorine atom is attached to the 3rd carbon atom.

Let's construct the structure step-by-step:

  • Step 1: Draw the 7-carbon backbone and add the multiple bonds based on the numbering.

    C≡C - C - C=C - C - C (Numbering: 1≡2 - 3 - 4=5 - 6 - 7)

  • Step 2: Add the chloro substituent at C3.

    C≡C - C(Cl) - C=C - C - C

  • Step 3: Add hydrogen atoms to satisfy carbon's valency (4 bonds).

    • C1: CH≡ (1 bond from H, 3 bonds from C2)
    • C2: ≡C (3 bonds from C1, 1 bond from C3)
    • C3: CH(Cl) (1 bond from C2, 1 bond from Cl, 1 bond from H, 1 bond from C4)
    • C4: CH= (1 bond from C3, 1 bond from H, 2 bonds from C5)
    • C5: =CH (2 bonds from C4, 1 bond from H, 1 bond from C6)
    • C6: CH₂ (1 bond from C5, 2 bonds from H, 1 bond from C7)
    • C7: CH₃ (1 bond from C6, 3 bonds from H)

Combining these, we get the structural formula.

Structural Formula

      Cl
      |
CH≡C - CH - CH=CH - CH₂ - CH₃

Explanation of the Solution

The name "3-Chloro hept-4-ene-1-yne" follows IUPAC nomenclature. "Hept" indicates a 7-carbon parent chain. "-1-yne" places a triple bond between C1 and C2. "-4-ene" places a double bond between C4 and C5. "3-Chloro" indicates a chlorine atom attached to C3. The chain is numbered to give the lowest possible locants to the multiple bonds (1,4). Finally, hydrogen atoms are added to each carbon to satisfy its valency of four.

Answer: The structural formula is:

      Cl
      |
CH≡C - CH - CH=CH - CH₂ - CH₃