Question

10% law of energy transfer in food chain was given by
A. Elton
B. Schimper
C. Heakel
D. Lindeman

Answer 1

Food chain can be described as a network of food webs. It is basically the sequence through which energy is transferred to various organisms in the form of food.

Complete Answer:
Let us analyse the options to find the correct answer.
Option A: Charles Elton was the first one from the basic principles of modern animal ecology. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option B: Andreas Schimper was German botanist who had contributed to the fields of ecology, histology and geography. Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option C: Ernst Haeckel is most famous for the statement “ontogeny recapitulate phylogeny.” Therefore, this is the incorrect option.

Option D: The 10% law of energy transfer in the food chain from one trophic level to the next one was introduced by Raymond Lindeman in the year 1942. This was also known as the Lindemans Trophic Efficiency Rule.

- According to this rule, during the energy transfer between two different trophic levels, it is observed that only about 10% of the energy from the organic matter gets stored in the form of flesh.
- The remaining amount of energy gets lost during the process of transfer and gets broken down into respiration or lost due to incomplete digestion process by organisms standing at the higher trophic levels.

Thus, the correct option is D) Lindeman.

Note: In a food chain there are various categories,
(I) Producers - These produce food on their own and examples include plants.
(II) Consumers - These are dependent on producers for food and examples include animals, humans, etc.
(III) Decomposers - They decompose food and examples include saprophytes.