Question

1. Write molecularity of the following reaction:
   $2NO(g) + {O_2}(g) \to 2N{O_2}(g)$
2. What is 'calcination'? How does it differ from 'roasting'?
3. Write resonating structures of ozones,
4. The decomposition of N2O5(g) at 320 K according to the following equation follows first order reaction:
   ${N_2}{O_5}(g) \to 2N{O_2}(g) + 21{O_2}(g)$
   The initial concentration of ${N_2}{O_5}$(g) is $1.24\times 10^{−2}mol.L^{−1}$ and after 60 minutes, $0.20\times 10^{−2}mol.^L{−1}$. Calculate the rate constant of the reaction at 320 K

Answer 1

The order of reaction can be defined as an empirical quantity which is estimated through experiment via the rate law of reaction. It is actually the sum of the exponent equation of the rate laws. On the other hand, molecularity is usually deduced from elementary reaction mechanisms and is utilised only in reference of an elementary reaction.

Complete step by step answer:

1. Molecularity refers to the summation of different reactants participating in a balanced equation of a chemical reaction. Now calculate the molecularity of the given reaction:
   $2NO(g) + {O_2}(g) \to 2N{O_2}(g)$
   In this chemical reaction, 2 molecules of NO react with 1 molecule of $O_2$. Thus, the total number of reactants in this balanced equation of chemical reaction = 2 + 1 = 3.
   As a result, the molecularity of the given reaction is 3.
2. Calcination: Calcination is a thermal decomposition process in which ore is heated below their melting point in the absence of air in order to detach volatile impurities.
   Example: Thermal decomposition of Zinc carbonate minerals to drive off $CO_2$.
   $ZnC{O_3}\left( s \right) \to ZnO\left( s \right) + C{O_2}\left( g \right)$
   The difference between Calcination and Roasting is indicated in the following table:

S.No.	Calcination	Roasting
i	Thermal decomposition takes place in the absence of air	Thermal decomposition takes place in the presence of air
ii	This process is applied for carbonate ores.	This method is applied for sulphide ores.
iii	Carbon dioxide ($CO_2$) is yielded with metal oxide.	Sulphur dioxide ($SO_2$) is yielded with metal oxide.
iv	Examples:ZnC{O_3}\left( s \right) \to ZnO\left( s \right) + C{O_2}\left( g \right)$$$$CuC{O_3}\left( s \right) \to CuO\left( s \right) + C{O_2}\left( g \right)	Examples:2ZnS\left( s \right) + 3{O_2} \to 2ZnO\left( s \right) + 2S{O_2}\left( g \right)$$$$2C{u_2}S\left( s \right) + 3{O_2} \to 2C{u_2}O\left( s \right) + 2S{O_2}\left( g \right)​

3. Ozone ($O_3$) comprises two resonating structures (I and II). The structure of ozone and its resonating structures are given below:
   
   
   Each atom is roughly $sp^2$ hybrid. The O atom in the centre consists of a lone pair of electrons having a delocalised π orbital over other three oxygen atoms.
4. The rate constant (K) for the first order reaction at a temperature, t can be stated as below:
   $K = \dfrac{{2.303}}{t}\log \dfrac{{{C_0}}}{{{C_t}}}$
   Here, $C_o$ refers to the initial concentration and $C_t$ refers to the concentration after a time, t
   For the given reaction:
   ${N_2}{O_5}(g) \to 2N{O_2}(g) + 21{O_2}(g)$
   Given values are: $C_o=1.24\times 10^{−2}mol.L^{−1}$,$C_t=0.20\times 10^{−2}mol.^L{−1}$,t=60 min
   Now, find the value of K by putting the given values in the formula
   $K = \dfrac{{2.303}}{{60}}\log \dfrac{{1.24 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}mol{L^{ - 1}}}}{{0.20 \times {{10}^{ - 2}}mol{L^{ - 1}}}} = 0.038 \times 0.792{\min ^{ - 1}} = 0.030{\min ^{ - 1}}$
   As a result, the rate constant of the reaction at 320K is $0.030 min^{−1}.$

Note:
A resonance form of structure is another method to draw a Lewis dot structure of a specific compound. Equivalent forms of Lewis structures are known as resonance structures. These resonance forms are employed when more than one method is available to position double bonds as well as lone pairs over atoms. We draw the resonance forms when one structure is not capable of showing its real structure.