Question

1. What are the constituents of an atom according to J.J.Thomson?
2. Name the model of atom given by Rutherford.
3. In the Geiger-Marsden experiment which material is used?

Answer 1

Here, we have to answer three questions separately. Foe answering these questions, we need to know three concepts. First, conclusions of J.J. Thomsan , second, model of atom given by Rutherford and third, Gieger-Marsden experiment.

Complete answer:
1.) J.J.Thomson discovered the electrons in the atom and according to him, there are three constituents of the atom: electrons, protons and neutrons.
2.) Rutherford's atomic model is known as the nuclear model. In the nuclear atom, the protons and neutrons, which comprise nearly all of the mass of the atom, are located in the nucleus at the center of the atom and electrons are present in the orbits. Nucleus was discovered by Rutherford in the alpha particle scattering experiment.
Rutherford’s alpha- particle scattering experiment gave some significant information such as: Nucleus of an atom is positively charged, nucleus of an atom is very hard and dense and nucleus of an atom is very small as compared to the size of an atom as a whole.
3.) In the Geiger-Marsden experiment the material which is used is gold. Therefore, it is also called the Rutherford gold foil experiment.

Note: Here, we have seen that protons and neutrons are located at the nucleus. Between these two, protons possess positive charge and neutrons are charged less. Whereas, the electrons present in the orbits carry the negative charge.